JAKARTA (AP): A 9-year-old boy has died of bird flu, bringing Indonesia's death toll from the disease to 99, health officials said Monday.
The boy died Sunday at the Sulianto Saroso Hospital for Infectious Disease in Jakarta, said Ningrum, an official at the Health Ministry's bird flu center.
Tests confirmed the boy had the H5N1 virus, she said, adding that the cause of the infection had yet to be determined.
The boy was from a neighborhood on the southern outskirts of Jakarta. He first developed symptoms on Jan. 16, said Ningrum, who like many Indonesians who uses a single name.
Indonesia has recorded human bird flu deaths regularly since the virus began ravaging poultry stocks across Asia in 2003.
Scientists have warned that Indonesia, which has millions of backyard chickens and poor medical facilities, is a potential hot spot for a global bird flu pandemic.
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Senin, 28 Januari 2008
Miss Michigan takes top tiara in jazzed-up pageant
LAS VEGAS, Nevada (AP) -- Miss Michigan Kirsten Haglund, a 19-year-old aspiring Broadway star, was crowned Miss America 2008 on Saturday in a live show billed as the unveiling of the 87-year-old pageant's new, hipper look.
Haglund, of Farmington Hills, Michigan, sang "Over the Rainbow" and walked a crowd-pleasing strut in a black and gold bikini to clinch the title. She beat Miss Indiana Nicole Elizabeth Rash, the first runner-up, and Miss Washington Elyse Umemoto, the second runner-up for the $50,000 scholarship and year of travel that comes with the crown.
Haglund, who studies music at the University of Cincinnati, grew up in a pageant family. Her mother is an active volunteer, and her grandmother Iora Hunt, competed for the crown as Miss Michigan 1944. Hunt joined Haglund at a news conference.
Haglund, a cheery, classic blond, wore a revealing silver sequined dress and black bikini during the evening gown and swimsuit portions of the pageant. As her platform issue, she promised to advocate for awareness of eating disorders, an illness from which she has recovered.
The crowning at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip was aired for the first time on TLC. It capped a four-week reality series, "Miss America: Reality Check," which followed the contestants as they were pushed to shed the dated look of Miss Americas past and adopt a more updated style.
The show was the latest in a series of attempts to find an audience with a younger demographic after more than a decade of declining ratings.
The 52 newly made-over aspiring beauty queens who sought the top tiara sported updated hairdos, sassy attitudes and red carpet-worthy fashion throughout the competition.
Haglund, of Farmington Hills, Michigan, sang "Over the Rainbow" and walked a crowd-pleasing strut in a black and gold bikini to clinch the title. She beat Miss Indiana Nicole Elizabeth Rash, the first runner-up, and Miss Washington Elyse Umemoto, the second runner-up for the $50,000 scholarship and year of travel that comes with the crown.
Haglund, who studies music at the University of Cincinnati, grew up in a pageant family. Her mother is an active volunteer, and her grandmother Iora Hunt, competed for the crown as Miss Michigan 1944. Hunt joined Haglund at a news conference.
Haglund, a cheery, classic blond, wore a revealing silver sequined dress and black bikini during the evening gown and swimsuit portions of the pageant. As her platform issue, she promised to advocate for awareness of eating disorders, an illness from which she has recovered.
The crowning at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip was aired for the first time on TLC. It capped a four-week reality series, "Miss America: Reality Check," which followed the contestants as they were pushed to shed the dated look of Miss Americas past and adopt a more updated style.
The show was the latest in a series of attempts to find an audience with a younger demographic after more than a decade of declining ratings.
The 52 newly made-over aspiring beauty queens who sought the top tiara sported updated hairdos, sassy attitudes and red carpet-worthy fashion throughout the competition.
RRI pioneer M. Jusuf Ronodipuro passes away
JAKARTA (Antara): M. Jusuf Ronodipuro, one of the founders of state radio station RRI, passed away at the Gatot Subroto Army Hospital at about 11:20 p.m Sunday.
He was 88.
Born in 1920, Jusuf suffered a stroke in June 2007 and had been in and out of hospital since then.
According to daughter Fatmi Ronodipuro, the burial will be held at the Kalibata National Heroes Cemetery in South Jakarta.
Along with Bachtiar Lubis, Jusuf was the first person to read Indonesia's 1945 Proclamation of Independence on air.
Jusuf requested then president Sukarno make a recording of the proclamation as historical proof of the event. The recording was made in 1950.
Jusuf also coined the "Once on air, it remains on air" slogan of RRI, which remains in use today.
Jusuf held various positions during the Sukarno era such as secretary general of the information ministry as well as a number of assignments to London and United Nations headquarters in New York.
He also served as Indonesian ambassador to Buenos Aires during Soeharto's administration.
He was 88.
Born in 1920, Jusuf suffered a stroke in June 2007 and had been in and out of hospital since then.
According to daughter Fatmi Ronodipuro, the burial will be held at the Kalibata National Heroes Cemetery in South Jakarta.
Along with Bachtiar Lubis, Jusuf was the first person to read Indonesia's 1945 Proclamation of Independence on air.
Jusuf requested then president Sukarno make a recording of the proclamation as historical proof of the event. The recording was made in 1950.
Jusuf also coined the "Once on air, it remains on air" slogan of RRI, which remains in use today.
Jusuf held various positions during the Sukarno era such as secretary general of the information ministry as well as a number of assignments to London and United Nations headquarters in New York.
He also served as Indonesian ambassador to Buenos Aires during Soeharto's administration.
Malaysia indebted to Soeharto: Mahathir
PETALING JAYA, Malaysia (The Star/ANN): Former Malaysian Mahathir Mohamad said Malaysia was indebted to former Indonesian president Soeharto for his role in ending the Confrontation against Malaysia after he became president.
"We looked up to him as a great leader and as an international statesman. For me, it's quite personal. I know him and I have worked with him for a very long time," Mahathir was quoted as saying by The Star onMonday.
"I regarded him as a friend of Malaysia and a personal friend."
Mahathir said Malaysia valued Soeharto's efforts to end the Confrontation initiated in 1962 by his predecessor Sukarno.
He credited Soeharto for playing a major role in the development of Indonesia, which has some 17,000 islands and a population of 200 million.
"Even though Indonesia was not an ideal democracy during Soeharto's time, the fact remained that he brought stability to Indonesia. Of course, there is a price to be paid," he said, acknowledging that some people had suffered under Soeharto's administration.
Meanwhile, Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak said Malaysia was deeply saddened by Soeharto's death.
"Soeharto's move to end the Confrontation helped stabilize the region and Malaysia against the communist threat," he said.
"We are indebted to Pak Harto."
"We looked up to him as a great leader and as an international statesman. For me, it's quite personal. I know him and I have worked with him for a very long time," Mahathir was quoted as saying by The Star onMonday.
"I regarded him as a friend of Malaysia and a personal friend."
Mahathir said Malaysia valued Soeharto's efforts to end the Confrontation initiated in 1962 by his predecessor Sukarno.
He credited Soeharto for playing a major role in the development of Indonesia, which has some 17,000 islands and a population of 200 million.
"Even though Indonesia was not an ideal democracy during Soeharto's time, the fact remained that he brought stability to Indonesia. Of course, there is a price to be paid," he said, acknowledging that some people had suffered under Soeharto's administration.
Meanwhile, Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak said Malaysia was deeply saddened by Soeharto's death.
"Soeharto's move to end the Confrontation helped stabilize the region and Malaysia against the communist threat," he said.
"We are indebted to Pak Harto."
Minggu, 27 Januari 2008
Airplane crashes in Malinau, three crew members dead
SAMARINDA, East Kalimantan (Antara): Three crew members died Saturday when a Dirgantara Air Service aircraft crashed in Malinau regency, East Kalimantan.
The airline's regional manager, Ramly Effendi Siregar, said the NC-212-200 light transport aircraft had three crew members: pilot Sumiskum, co-pilot Clifford Wattimena and mechanic Darsono.
The aircraft took off from Juwata airport in Tarakan en route to Long Ampung in Malinau.
Metro TV reported the airplane was carrying solar panels to Long Ampung and that there were no other passengers aboard.
"The aircraft took off at 8:10 a.m. local time (7:10 a.m. in Jakarta) and had its last contact with Long Ampung at about 9:35 a.m. local time," said Ramly.
"However, the aircraft still had not landed well after noon and we were unable to contact it."
Another aircraft reportedly received a signal from the missing aircraft some three miles from Long Ampung.
The airline's regional manager, Ramly Effendi Siregar, said the NC-212-200 light transport aircraft had three crew members: pilot Sumiskum, co-pilot Clifford Wattimena and mechanic Darsono.
The aircraft took off from Juwata airport in Tarakan en route to Long Ampung in Malinau.
Metro TV reported the airplane was carrying solar panels to Long Ampung and that there were no other passengers aboard.
"The aircraft took off at 8:10 a.m. local time (7:10 a.m. in Jakarta) and had its last contact with Long Ampung at about 9:35 a.m. local time," said Ramly.
"However, the aircraft still had not landed well after noon and we were unable to contact it."
Another aircraft reportedly received a signal from the missing aircraft some three miles from Long Ampung.
SBY to oversee state funeral for Soeharto
JAKARTA (JP):The government said Sunday that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono would oversee the state funeral for former president Soeharto at the Astana Giri Bangun cemetery, Karanganyar, Central Java on Monday.
Soeharto, 86, died on Sunday of multiple organ failure at Pertamina Hospital after being treated at the hospital for more than three weeks.
Soeharto, 86, died on Sunday of multiple organ failure at Pertamina Hospital after being treated at the hospital for more than three weeks.
Pollycarpus receives 20-year jail term
JAKARTA (Antara): The Supreme Court handed down Friday a 20-year jail term to former pilot Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto in a case review of the murder of noted rights activist Munir Said Thalib.
Supreme Court spokesman Nurhadi read a copy of the ruling, which said that a panel of justices had found Pollcarpus guilty of the premeditated murder of Munir as well as faking an assignment letter.
Pollycarpus was an off-duty pilot aboard a Garuda Indonesia flight on Sept. 7, 2004, on which Munir died en route to Amsterdam.
Earlier in 2006, a Supreme Court panel review foundPollycarpus only guilty of faking his assignment letter.
Separately at the Central Jakarta District Court, prosecutors recommended one year and one-and-a-half-year jail terms for former Garuda president director Indra Setiawan and secretary to Garuda chief pilot Rohainil Aini respectively for assisting Pollycarpus in carrying out the murder.
Supreme Court spokesman Nurhadi read a copy of the ruling, which said that a panel of justices had found Pollcarpus guilty of the premeditated murder of Munir as well as faking an assignment letter.
Pollycarpus was an off-duty pilot aboard a Garuda Indonesia flight on Sept. 7, 2004, on which Munir died en route to Amsterdam.
Earlier in 2006, a Supreme Court panel review foundPollycarpus only guilty of faking his assignment letter.
Separately at the Central Jakarta District Court, prosecutors recommended one year and one-and-a-half-year jail terms for former Garuda president director Indra Setiawan and secretary to Garuda chief pilot Rohainil Aini respectively for assisting Pollycarpus in carrying out the murder.
Seven days of national mourning for Soeharto
JAKARTA (JP): Following the death of Soeharto on Sunday, the government announced seven days of national mourning would be held to honor the former president.
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono expressed the government's condolences after Soeharto died, asking the Indonesian people to pray for him.
Soeharto's body will be transferred from Pertamina Hospital to his home in Cendana, Menteng, Central Jakarta. The President is scheduled to visit the Soeharto home later this evening.
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono expressed the government's condolences after Soeharto died, asking the Indonesian people to pray for him.
Soeharto's body will be transferred from Pertamina Hospital to his home in Cendana, Menteng, Central Jakarta. The President is scheduled to visit the Soeharto home later this evening.
Kamis, 24 Januari 2008
Calcutta under bird flu threat as virus flares in Asia
CALCUTTA, India (AP): Authorities went stall to stall in Indian poultry markets, trying to stop the country's worst outbreak of bird flu from spreading to crowded Calcutta, while Indonesia and Vietnam reported new human deaths -- prompting a United Stations warningof the global threat posed by the virus.
The danger of the virulent H5N1 strain of the disease was illustrated in Indonesia, where a man from the outskirts of Jakarta died of bird flu Thursday, bringing the country's death toll to 98. On Wednesday, Vietnam announced its first death thisyear, taking its toll to 48 since the virus began devastating Asian poultry stocks in late 2003.
Also Thursday, Thailand reported its first outbreak in 10 months.
Bird flu has killed at least 221 people worldwide, according to the World Health Organzation.
Although it remains hard for humans to catch, experts fear it will mutate into a new form that spreads easily among people, potentially sparking a pandemic.
Fears of the virus spreading in the chaotic crowded streets of Calcutta prompted city health officials to send teams to inspect city markets for signs of the disease after it was discovered just 30 kilometers from the city of 14 million people.
Health authorities -- hampered by crippling bureaucracy, a shortage of qualified personnel, ignorance among villagers and even bad weather -- have struggled to contain the outbreak, a stark reminder that much of the country has been left behind as India emerges as a global economic power.
(www.thejakartapost.com)
The danger of the virulent H5N1 strain of the disease was illustrated in Indonesia, where a man from the outskirts of Jakarta died of bird flu Thursday, bringing the country's death toll to 98. On Wednesday, Vietnam announced its first death thisyear, taking its toll to 48 since the virus began devastating Asian poultry stocks in late 2003.
Also Thursday, Thailand reported its first outbreak in 10 months.
Bird flu has killed at least 221 people worldwide, according to the World Health Organzation.
Although it remains hard for humans to catch, experts fear it will mutate into a new form that spreads easily among people, potentially sparking a pandemic.
Fears of the virus spreading in the chaotic crowded streets of Calcutta prompted city health officials to send teams to inspect city markets for signs of the disease after it was discovered just 30 kilometers from the city of 14 million people.
Health authorities -- hampered by crippling bureaucracy, a shortage of qualified personnel, ignorance among villagers and even bad weather -- have struggled to contain the outbreak, a stark reminder that much of the country has been left behind as India emerges as a global economic power.
(www.thejakartapost.com)
Doctors optimistic Suharto will leave intensive care in couple of days
JAKARTA (AP): Doctors treating former Indonesian president Soeharto said Friday he could be released from intensive care within a couple days after breathing on his own and beating back a blood infection.
The 86-year-old has been in the hospital for more than three weeks, suffering from multiple organ failure, pneumonia and sepsis, a potentially lethal blood infection.
Although his condition has fluctuated wildly and he was still on dialysis for failing kidneys, his team of physicians was "optimistic" he will be released from intensive care within a couple of days, said Dr. Marjo Subiandono.
(www.thejakartapost.com)
The 86-year-old has been in the hospital for more than three weeks, suffering from multiple organ failure, pneumonia and sepsis, a potentially lethal blood infection.
Although his condition has fluctuated wildly and he was still on dialysis for failing kidneys, his team of physicians was "optimistic" he will be released from intensive care within a couple of days, said Dr. Marjo Subiandono.
(www.thejakartapost.com)
Study: The Pill protects against cancer
London-Women on the birth control pill are protected from ovarian cancer, even decades after they stop taking it, scientists said. British researchers found that women taking the pill for 15 years halved their chances of developing ovarian cancer, and that the risk remained low more than 30 years later, though protection weakened over time. The findings were published Friday in The Lancet.
"Not only does the pill prevent pregnancy, but in the long term, you actually get less cancer as well," said Valerie Beral, the study's lead author and director of the Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit at Oxford University. "It's a nice bonus." The study was paid for by Cancer Research UK and Britain's Medical Research Council.
Beral and colleagues analyzed data from 45 studies worldwide, covering 23,257 women with ovarian cancer, of whom 31 percent were on the pill. They also looked at 87,303 women without ovarian cancer, of whom 37 percent were on the pill.
In both groups, the women on the pill took it for about five years. The researchers found that in rich countries, women taking oral contraceptives for a decade were less likely to develop ovarian cancer. Without the pill, about 12 women per 1,000 are expected to get ovarian cancer before age 75. But that figure dropped to 8 women per 1,000 in those on the pill.
The experts estimated that use of the pill so far has prevented about 200,000 cases of ovarian cancer and 100,000 deaths from the disease. Based on current levels of oral contraceptive usage, they guessed that 30,000 cases could be avoided every year.
"To be able to save thousands of women's lives every year by using contraceptives is remarkable," said Dr. Beth Karlan, director of the Women's Cancer Research Institute at Cedars Sinai in California and an official with the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Karlan was not connected to the Lancet study.
In the West, ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Older women are most at risk and survival rates are generally poor.
While the pill protects against ovarian cancer, it slightly increases the chances of breast and cervical cancer. But those risks disappear after women stop taking oral contraceptives. And the pill also provides long-term protection against endometrial cancer, which affects the lining of the uterus.
Scientists don't know why the pill increases some cancer risks while decreasing others. "It may have something to do with the hormones in the contraceptives," said Dr. Debbie Saslow, director of breast and gynecologic cancer at the American Cancer Society. "Hormones such as estrogen can be growth-promoting in some body parts and have the opposite effect in other body parts," she said.
But because there is no early test for ovarian cancer, which is often diagnosed late with a bad prognosis, doctors say that the pill's protective effects against ovarian cancer outweigh the small increased risks of breast and cervical cancer — unless women already have a history of those cancers.
"This is the first medication that we know of to cut ovarian cancer risk," Beral said. Other measures to protect against ovarian cancer are probably not things women would do unless they had more compelling reasons: having children or getting their tubes tied.
Still, most doctors do not suggest that women take the pill exclusively for its anticancer properties. The pill comes with side effects including risks of blood clots, migraines, and high blood pressure. Those risks are particularly elevated in women in their late 30s and in smokers.
In an editorial in The Lancet, experts called for better access to oral contraceptives, arguing that the drugs should now be available over the counter.
As the pill becomes more common in developing countries, experts estimate that ovarian cancer incidence will fall worldwide. In 2002, the United Nations estimated that 120 million women globally were on the pill, two-thirds of whom were in developing countries.
Beral and colleagues analyzed data from 45 studies worldwide, covering 23,257 women with ovarian cancer, of whom 31 percent were on the pill. They also looked at 87,303 women without ovarian cancer, of whom 37 percent were on the pill.
In both groups, the women on the pill took it for about five years. The researchers found that in rich countries, women taking oral contraceptives for a decade were less likely to develop ovarian cancer. Without the pill, about 12 women per 1,000 are expected to get ovarian cancer before age 75. But that figure dropped to 8 women per 1,000 in those on the pill.
The experts estimated that use of the pill so far has prevented about 200,000 cases of ovarian cancer and 100,000 deaths from the disease. Based on current levels of oral contraceptive usage, they guessed that 30,000 cases could be avoided every year.
"To be able to save thousands of women's lives every year by using contraceptives is remarkable," said Dr. Beth Karlan, director of the Women's Cancer Research Institute at Cedars Sinai in California and an official with the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Karlan was not connected to the Lancet study.
In the West, ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Older women are most at risk and survival rates are generally poor.
While the pill protects against ovarian cancer, it slightly increases the chances of breast and cervical cancer. But those risks disappear after women stop taking oral contraceptives. And the pill also provides long-term protection against endometrial cancer, which affects the lining of the uterus.
Scientists don't know why the pill increases some cancer risks while decreasing others. "It may have something to do with the hormones in the contraceptives," said Dr. Debbie Saslow, director of breast and gynecologic cancer at the American Cancer Society. "Hormones such as estrogen can be growth-promoting in some body parts and have the opposite effect in other body parts," she said.
But because there is no early test for ovarian cancer, which is often diagnosed late with a bad prognosis, doctors say that the pill's protective effects against ovarian cancer outweigh the small increased risks of breast and cervical cancer — unless women already have a history of those cancers.
"This is the first medication that we know of to cut ovarian cancer risk," Beral said. Other measures to protect against ovarian cancer are probably not things women would do unless they had more compelling reasons: having children or getting their tubes tied.
Still, most doctors do not suggest that women take the pill exclusively for its anticancer properties. The pill comes with side effects including risks of blood clots, migraines, and high blood pressure. Those risks are particularly elevated in women in their late 30s and in smokers.
In an editorial in The Lancet, experts called for better access to oral contraceptives, arguing that the drugs should now be available over the counter.
As the pill becomes more common in developing countries, experts estimate that ovarian cancer incidence will fall worldwide. In 2002, the United Nations estimated that 120 million women globally were on the pill, two-thirds of whom were in developing countries.
(By MARIA CHENG, AP Medical Writer) .
(www.yahoo.com)
Rabu, 23 Januari 2008
avian influenza
Avian influenza, sometimes Avian flu, and commonly bird flu refers to "influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds".
"Bird flu" is a phrase similar to "Swine flu", "Dog flu", "Horse flu", or "Human flu" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species: Influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of Influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the Influenza A virus (note that the "A" does not stand for "avian").
Adaption is non-exclusive. Being adapted towards a particular species does not preclude adaptions, or partial adaptions, towards infecting different species. In this way strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential towards a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish Flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans; with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains.
"Bird flu" is a phrase similar to "Swine flu", "Dog flu", "Horse flu", or "Human flu" in that it refers to an illness caused by any of many different strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. All known viruses that cause influenza in birds belong to the species: Influenza A virus. All subtypes (but not all strains of all subtypes) of Influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes avian flu virus is the Influenza A virus (note that the "A" does not stand for "avian").
Adaption is non-exclusive. Being adapted towards a particular species does not preclude adaptions, or partial adaptions, towards infecting different species. In this way strains of influenza viruses are adapted to multiple species, though may be preferential towards a particular host. For example, viruses responsible for influenza pandemics are adapted to both humans and birds. Recent influenza research into the genes of the Spanish Flu virus shows it to have genes adapted to both birds and humans; with more of its genes from birds than less deadly later pandemic strains.
global warming
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.
The global average air temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 year period ending in 2005.[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with the conclusions of the IPCC,the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change are in agreement with the conclusions.
Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century.The range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.
Increasing global temperature will cause sea level to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.
Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. There is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and outside of the United States there is considerably less debate over the effects and uncertainties of global warming.
(www.wikipedia.com)
The global average air temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 year period ending in 2005.[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with the conclusions of the IPCC,the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change are in agreement with the conclusions.
Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the 21st century.The range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.
Increasing global temperature will cause sea level to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.
Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. There is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and outside of the United States there is considerably less debate over the effects and uncertainties of global warming.
(www.wikipedia.com)
Selasa, 22 Januari 2008
A SECRET OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
A huge earning is usually considered for measuring the wealth of someone. However, why do so many people with huge income frequently end up running out of money in the middle or at the end of the month? What is the problem?
If you have a job now, do you remember the first one you ever had? Usually, the first experience on work is the most unforgettable experience.
Let's take an example. Anto was still living with his family until he got a job at the age of 23, as a clerk in a trading company. At that time, he had just graduated. Although he had to go through a probationary period, Anto was so excited when he knew that he would get his first salary. His salary was Rp 600,000, which he would receive on the 27th.
We can guess what he would want to do: he wanted to treat his family. He wanted to express his gratitude for getting a salary for the first time in his life, and he also wanted to show them that he was independent now.
Let's see: he received the salary on the 27th. On the 29th he took his family out for a meal in an all-you-can-eat restaurant, so each of them could satisfy their appetite. The pre-tax cost for one person was Rp 22,000, and after tax was Rp 24,200 per person. All of his family members were 7, consisting of his father, mother, one big brother and 3 annoying younger brothers. All was 6, plus Anto made it 7. It means that he had to pay the dinner bill of Rp 169,400. Which means, only 2 days after he received his salary, he had already spent 28% out of his salary for that month. So, he had only Rp 430,600 left for the rest of the month.
"No problem", thought Anto. "It's my own family that I treated, not other people. Besides, it's not every day I do that. Once a month is enough." Days went by. One week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks. "Hmm…that stuff in the mall looks pretty good. There is a very interesting looking shirt. Okay, it costs Rp 28,000. There's also this nice pair of trousers to wear for work. Very cheap, costs only Rp 65,000. It won't hurt to look stylish at the office". He then started buying things. "Okay", Anto thought, "one shirt and a pair of pants for this month. The rest of my salary would be used for transportation and food until the end of the month" .
What happened? On the 24th of the next month, just three days before his second-month payday, he had only Rp 50,000 left.
Anto started thinking. Okay...., such was because he spent most of his money to treat his family. Also this was his first time working. Within the coming months, his finance would be better.
The second month, he got his salary again. Still in the same amount. No raise yet. The difference was no more treating the family. Days and weeks went by. A few days before his third salary, he only had Rp 75,000 left.
Three months passed by, he was finally accepted as permanent employee. He got a Rp 150,000 raise to Rp 750,000. "Not bad", Anto thought. This meant that I would be able to "breath" and save a little. But strangely, a few days before even one month period ended, his still had only little money left. The sixth month, the seventh month, the eight month, although he got a raise, but he still ran out of money and could not put any into savings.
As a matter of fact, Anto is not the only one, whose income is under Rp 1m, with this problem. Even people with millions per month income still have trouble saving money.
What is really happening? Many people think that by getting a raise, they will not run out of money in the middle of the month and they can save for sure. Every month they hope that they will get a raise the next months. But after they really get a raise, they still run out of money.
It is clear that the solution here lies not on how big your income is. The amount of your income does not guarantee that you will not run out of money in the middle of the month. The size of your income does not guarantee that you will be able to save. The key here is not how much money you make, but how you manage your income so that it can be stretched in a one-month period.
There is no fixed way on the right method to manage your finance. However, based from experiences, there are several things that can help you manage your finance well each month:
-Plan your income and outcome every month.
-Carry out the plan strictly.
-Have reserved fund.
-Join insurance plan.
If you have a job now, do you remember the first one you ever had? Usually, the first experience on work is the most unforgettable experience.
Let's take an example. Anto was still living with his family until he got a job at the age of 23, as a clerk in a trading company. At that time, he had just graduated. Although he had to go through a probationary period, Anto was so excited when he knew that he would get his first salary. His salary was Rp 600,000, which he would receive on the 27th.
We can guess what he would want to do: he wanted to treat his family. He wanted to express his gratitude for getting a salary for the first time in his life, and he also wanted to show them that he was independent now.
Let's see: he received the salary on the 27th. On the 29th he took his family out for a meal in an all-you-can-eat restaurant, so each of them could satisfy their appetite. The pre-tax cost for one person was Rp 22,000, and after tax was Rp 24,200 per person. All of his family members were 7, consisting of his father, mother, one big brother and 3 annoying younger brothers. All was 6, plus Anto made it 7. It means that he had to pay the dinner bill of Rp 169,400. Which means, only 2 days after he received his salary, he had already spent 28% out of his salary for that month. So, he had only Rp 430,600 left for the rest of the month.
"No problem", thought Anto. "It's my own family that I treated, not other people. Besides, it's not every day I do that. Once a month is enough." Days went by. One week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks. "Hmm…that stuff in the mall looks pretty good. There is a very interesting looking shirt. Okay, it costs Rp 28,000. There's also this nice pair of trousers to wear for work. Very cheap, costs only Rp 65,000. It won't hurt to look stylish at the office". He then started buying things. "Okay", Anto thought, "one shirt and a pair of pants for this month. The rest of my salary would be used for transportation and food until the end of the month" .
What happened? On the 24th of the next month, just three days before his second-month payday, he had only Rp 50,000 left.
Anto started thinking. Okay...., such was because he spent most of his money to treat his family. Also this was his first time working. Within the coming months, his finance would be better.
The second month, he got his salary again. Still in the same amount. No raise yet. The difference was no more treating the family. Days and weeks went by. A few days before his third salary, he only had Rp 75,000 left.
Three months passed by, he was finally accepted as permanent employee. He got a Rp 150,000 raise to Rp 750,000. "Not bad", Anto thought. This meant that I would be able to "breath" and save a little. But strangely, a few days before even one month period ended, his still had only little money left. The sixth month, the seventh month, the eight month, although he got a raise, but he still ran out of money and could not put any into savings.
As a matter of fact, Anto is not the only one, whose income is under Rp 1m, with this problem. Even people with millions per month income still have trouble saving money.
What is really happening? Many people think that by getting a raise, they will not run out of money in the middle of the month and they can save for sure. Every month they hope that they will get a raise the next months. But after they really get a raise, they still run out of money.
It is clear that the solution here lies not on how big your income is. The amount of your income does not guarantee that you will not run out of money in the middle of the month. The size of your income does not guarantee that you will be able to save. The key here is not how much money you make, but how you manage your income so that it can be stretched in a one-month period.
There is no fixed way on the right method to manage your finance. However, based from experiences, there are several things that can help you manage your finance well each month:
-Plan your income and outcome every month.
-Carry out the plan strictly.
-Have reserved fund.
-Join insurance plan.
the risk if you smoke
the risk if you smoke
you will lose a lot money if you smoke, illustration if you smoke one pack of cigarettes a day at $2.00 per pack, you spend $730 per year. If your habit has continued for a period of 20 years you will have spent an incredible $14,600! If you smoke two packs for that same period of time, you will spend $29,200!
You will be twelve times more likely to die from lung cancer. ten times more likely to die from some form of lung disease. ten times more likely to die from cancer of the larynx. six times more likely to die of heart disease. twice as likely to die of a stroke.
not only for your health, you also help your friends and human around you to die, yes you help them to die faster
you will lose a lot money if you smoke, illustration if you smoke one pack of cigarettes a day at $2.00 per pack, you spend $730 per year. If your habit has continued for a period of 20 years you will have spent an incredible $14,600! If you smoke two packs for that same period of time, you will spend $29,200!
You will be twelve times more likely to die from lung cancer. ten times more likely to die from some form of lung disease. ten times more likely to die from cancer of the larynx. six times more likely to die of heart disease. twice as likely to die of a stroke.
not only for your health, you also help your friends and human around you to die, yes you help them to die faster
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Finance
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Maps
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News - now with archive search!
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sigma-team.net - Alien Shooter Game overview
sigma-team.net - Alien Shooter Game overview
The endless darkness and the somber, long passages of a military complex have become the abode of evil, as thousands of blood-thirsty creatures fill its offices, storehouses and mysterious laboratories.Your mission is simple: clear the base at all costs. You will be provided with explosives to help you gain access to the teleporters from which pour thousands of pitiless creatures. A stationary gun will aid in the defense of the area. You have been granted access to the most advanced weapons technology money can buy. As you earn your pay, you can equip yourself additional weapons in the arming area and biomechanical implants that will make your fighting abilities super human.The alien invasion has begun, we have one chance, and that is to stop them cold in their staging area. Do not allow them the escape this facility, you are our last hope. The fate of humanity now depends on you!
The endless darkness and the somber, long passages of a military complex have become the abode of evil, as thousands of blood-thirsty creatures fill its offices, storehouses and mysterious laboratories.Your mission is simple: clear the base at all costs. You will be provided with explosives to help you gain access to the teleporters from which pour thousands of pitiless creatures. A stationary gun will aid in the defense of the area. You have been granted access to the most advanced weapons technology money can buy. As you earn your pay, you can equip yourself additional weapons in the arming area and biomechanical implants that will make your fighting abilities super human.The alien invasion has begun, we have one chance, and that is to stop them cold in their staging area. Do not allow them the escape this facility, you are our last hope. The fate of humanity now depends on you!
Titanium dioxide to degrade pentachlorophenol
Titanium dioxide to degrade pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol is a phenolic compound that was chlorinated. Pentachlorophenol very toxic for our breath, cause dermatitis on skin and more toxic than inorganic solvent.
Pentachlorophenol waste almost dissolvable in water so degradation process is very hard. Some ways have been done to solve biological waste problem, but not efficient enough. For example, active carbon just involve pollutant absorption without decomposition process. Chemical oxidation process can’t decomposition all of organic compound be carbon dioxide and water, and have been used in high concentration waste.
Many century ago, scientist success to describe phenomenon photocatalytic in surface of metal-oxide semiconductor. Firstly, have been issued by Renz in 1921 until 1960, and not responding by scientist. Photocatalytic semiconductor popularity increase since publication Akira Fujishima in Nature magazine was issued in 1972. He was reported decomposition water be oxygen and hydrogen used single crystal TiO2 with input UV light in low energy.
First research, TiO2 have been used as photocatalytic suspension system. Nowadays, the uses TiO2 as photocatalytic is used in thin plate shape, which is immobilization TiO2 to many kinds of supported material like fiber, glass, silica, and titanium plat.
Pentachlorophenol is a phenolic compound that was chlorinated. Pentachlorophenol very toxic for our breath, cause dermatitis on skin and more toxic than inorganic solvent.
Pentachlorophenol waste almost dissolvable in water so degradation process is very hard. Some ways have been done to solve biological waste problem, but not efficient enough. For example, active carbon just involve pollutant absorption without decomposition process. Chemical oxidation process can’t decomposition all of organic compound be carbon dioxide and water, and have been used in high concentration waste.
Many century ago, scientist success to describe phenomenon photocatalytic in surface of metal-oxide semiconductor. Firstly, have been issued by Renz in 1921 until 1960, and not responding by scientist. Photocatalytic semiconductor popularity increase since publication Akira Fujishima in Nature magazine was issued in 1972. He was reported decomposition water be oxygen and hydrogen used single crystal TiO2 with input UV light in low energy.
First research, TiO2 have been used as photocatalytic suspension system. Nowadays, the uses TiO2 as photocatalytic is used in thin plate shape, which is immobilization TiO2 to many kinds of supported material like fiber, glass, silica, and titanium plat.
how to make our body more health and energizer?
how to make our body more health and energizer?
This several exercises and meditation help to improve your health, more energizer, more focus and more happy, fell free to do it everyday
Stand erect barefooted, relax your fingers, exhale gently, then bow forward with feet straight, touch your toes with your fingers, maintain this for a few seconds. Then inhale while returning to the standing position with arms raised as high as you can, continue your move until your body is bent backward. Then exhale while returning your fingers to your toes. Maintain this for a few seconds, inhale, and so on .... repeat seven (7) times
Relax your head, neck and shoulder muscles. Slowly rotate your head 3600 clockwise while inhaling. Hold your breath for a while, again rotate your head clockwise while exhaling. Repeat twice. Do the whole process but move your head counterclockwise, three times.
Stand straight, arms raised and outstretched to your sides. Rotate your body clockwise 3600 with eyes stay open while inhaling. When returning to your starting position, hold your breath, focus your sight forward, then repeat the rotation while exhaling. Do this five times, then repeat the whole process counterclockwise five times.
Stand straight, arms raised and outstretched to your sides. Inhale, hold, then exhale while moving your body so that your right hand is touching your left foot. Hold this position for a while, then return to your starting (standing) position while inhaling, hold, then exhale while moving your body so that your left hand is touching your right foot. Do this seven cycles.
Sit on the floor and cross your legs, spine erect, palms on your lap facing down humbs touching forefingers, eyes closed. breath naturally through your noseThen inhale for five counts, hold for five counts and exhale also for five counts. Then breath normally for a while before repeating the inhale, hold, exhale cycle. Do 25 cycles.
lay on the floor, spine erect, palms on your lap facing down, eyes closed. breath naturally through your nose, attention to the breath, do about 5 minutes
Do meditation, and visualize you are on forest complete with trees, animals and rivers etc, do about 10 minutes
This several exercises and meditation help to improve your health, more energizer, more focus and more happy, fell free to do it everyday
Stand erect barefooted, relax your fingers, exhale gently, then bow forward with feet straight, touch your toes with your fingers, maintain this for a few seconds. Then inhale while returning to the standing position with arms raised as high as you can, continue your move until your body is bent backward. Then exhale while returning your fingers to your toes. Maintain this for a few seconds, inhale, and so on .... repeat seven (7) times
Relax your head, neck and shoulder muscles. Slowly rotate your head 3600 clockwise while inhaling. Hold your breath for a while, again rotate your head clockwise while exhaling. Repeat twice. Do the whole process but move your head counterclockwise, three times.
Stand straight, arms raised and outstretched to your sides. Rotate your body clockwise 3600 with eyes stay open while inhaling. When returning to your starting position, hold your breath, focus your sight forward, then repeat the rotation while exhaling. Do this five times, then repeat the whole process counterclockwise five times.
Stand straight, arms raised and outstretched to your sides. Inhale, hold, then exhale while moving your body so that your right hand is touching your left foot. Hold this position for a while, then return to your starting (standing) position while inhaling, hold, then exhale while moving your body so that your left hand is touching your right foot. Do this seven cycles.
Sit on the floor and cross your legs, spine erect, palms on your lap facing down humbs touching forefingers, eyes closed. breath naturally through your noseThen inhale for five counts, hold for five counts and exhale also for five counts. Then breath normally for a while before repeating the inhale, hold, exhale cycle. Do 25 cycles.
lay on the floor, spine erect, palms on your lap facing down, eyes closed. breath naturally through your nose, attention to the breath, do about 5 minutes
Do meditation, and visualize you are on forest complete with trees, animals and rivers etc, do about 10 minutes
important things to write ad killer
-create a compelling, “must get more information” headline first
-stay away from using CAPS or BOLD CAPS
-write your copy in an enticing fashion
-write your copy so each point flows smoothly to the next
-save all the good sales letters you come across and thow away those that scream hype.
-Once you have sales, request testimonial. place them into your copy
-this is extremely important. Your copy must be free of errors
-writing effective copy doesn’t happen the first time you attempt to write it
-keep your sentences and paragraphs as short as possible
-never get caught up writing about the features of your offer
-when you’re writing, include the words “you” and “your” as often as you can
-always give your contact information
-add free bonuses
-remove skepticism
-establish a control
-create a compelling, “must get more information” headline first
-stay away from using CAPS or BOLD CAPS
-write your copy in an enticing fashion
-write your copy so each point flows smoothly to the next
-save all the good sales letters you come across and thow away those that scream hype.
-Once you have sales, request testimonial. place them into your copy
-this is extremely important. Your copy must be free of errors
-writing effective copy doesn’t happen the first time you attempt to write it
-keep your sentences and paragraphs as short as possible
-never get caught up writing about the features of your offer
-when you’re writing, include the words “you” and “your” as often as you can
-always give your contact information
-add free bonuses
-remove skepticism
-establish a control
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